Essay On A Beautiful Mind - 971 Words

A Life with Schizophrenia The movie â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† helps the audience to see and understand how is it to live with schizophrenia. According to Cockerham, â€Å"Schizophrenia is a disturbance in an individual’s mood, thinking, and behavior, characterized by a distorted sense of reality that includes delusions and hallucinations† (34). The main character in this movie is John Nash, an American mathematician who struggles his whole life with schizophrenia. Although, in the long run he learns how to control it in a way that does not cause any physical or emotional harm to himself or others. For graduate school, he decides to go to Princeton University, where he competes with other students on coming up with an â€Å"original idea.† An original idea†¦show more content†¦Nash is a very lonely man. He does not like people, and he thinks people do not like him either. He considers himself as the â€Å"lone wolf† mainly because people do not like him. This is all on his mind, there are many people that appreciate his hard work and care about him. The movie does a great job on making the audience believe that certain things are happening, but in reality, they are only hallucinations that Nash is experiencing. He hallucinates things like working for the government as spy against the Russians, seeing and talking to Charles, his roommate from Princeton University and his niece, but none of this is real. There is one scene where Nash is going to drop an envelope with confidential information in it at the house of this man that he is working for, but a shooting begins. This is when the man that hired Nash tells him to get into the car. In Nash’s mind, the Russians are the ones who are shooting at him. After the imaginary shooting, he goes back to his house and locked himself up in a room. His wife starts to wonder why he is acting that way, but she never thinks that he has a mental illness, she just thinks he had a bad day. This is the defini tive outburst phase. The movie makes this scene like it’s actually happening. Towards the middle of the movie, he is taken to McArthur Psychiatric Hospital to get treatment for his mental illness. At the hospital, he tries to justify his behavior by telling hisShow MoreRelatedA Beautiful Mind Essay1388 Words   |  6 Pages In the movie A Beautiful Mind by Ron Howard, John Nash is the main focus of this movie because he was diagnosed with a serious mental disease known as schizophrenia. Schizophrenia can be described by many different symptoms, but most cases contain illogical thoughts or hallucinations (1). This mental disease became a prominent factor in John Nashs life during his early adulthood. At this time, he was studying to obtain his doctorate at Princeton University. Although he had such an immaculate knowledgeRead MoreEssay on Beautiful Mind2489 Words   |  10 PagesCMI Kowats Pd. 4 March 12, 2011 A Beautiful Mind Questions Section 1: Questions: 1. Describe the opening sequence when John Nash sees the others. What patterns does he see? Why is this important? †¢ John sees patterns on the man’s tie, and relates it to reflections of light and shapes. This shows his analytical mind, and his ability to relate two arbitrary things to geometry and math. 2. What is Nashs role at Princeton? †¢ Nash is a graduate student at Princeton. He is also famousRead MoreEssay on A Beautiful Mind (Movie)937 Words   |  4 Pagesbeen hallucinating. The Department of Defense agent William Parcher and Nashs secret assignment to decode Soviet messages was in fact all a delusion. Even more surprisingly, Nashs friend Charles and his niece Marcee are also only products of Nashs mind. After a painful series of insulin shock therapy sessions, Nash is released on the condition that he agrees to take antipsychotic medication. However, these drugs create negative side-effects that affect his relationship with his wife and, mostRead MoreEssay about A Beautiful Mind993 Words   |  4 Pagesrealizations and realizations in life that I never thought of before. One of these realizations is the fact that seeing something is not a guarantee for you to believe that it really exists. This fact only states that even your own eyes and your own minds can fool you. This is what happened to the case of John Nash in the movie. His wife, Alicia, took note of every weird action that he started manifesting, and these weird actions frightened her and their child. Then, Alicia called the psychiatric hospitalRead MoreMy Beautiful Mind Essay1013 Words   |  5 PagesLiving with Schizophrenia â€Å"The mind is indeed a beautiful thing. It is the reason for our ingenuity, artistic originality and maybe even our humanity. What happens however when the mind works against us? When it tricks us into believing that what is not real to be the actual, destroying our sense of being?† (Angelo) We see this played out firsthand in the life of John Forbes Nash Jr. in â€Å"A Beautiful Mind.† The film was directed by Ron Howard and starred Russell Crowe, who plays John Nash, PaulRead MoreA Beautiful Mind: a Case Study Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: A BEAUTIFUL MIND 1 A Beautiful Mind: A Case Study A BEAUTIFUL MIND 2 Diagnostic Impression: Axis I 295.30 Schizophrenia, Paranoid Type, Continuous Axis II V71.09 No Diagnosis Axis III None Axis IV Psychosocial and Educational Stressors Axis V GAF = 55 (highest level in past 30 years) Case Study: John Nash suffers from Paranoid Schizophrenia. He is a gifted mathematician who began graduate school at Princeton University in 1947Read MoreA Beautiful Mind: Psychological Disorders Essay1061 Words   |  5 PagesA Beautiful Mind illustrates many of the topics relating to psychological disorders. The main character of the film, John Nash, is a brilliant mathematician who suffers from symptoms of Schizophrenia. His symptoms include paranoid delusions, grandiosity, and disturbed perceptions. The disease disrupts his social relationships, his studies, and his work. The more stressful his life becomes the more his mind is not able to distinguish between reality and fantasy. Nashs first hallucination is inRead More John Nash, A Beautiful Mind Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pages(Cicarelli, p. 559). JOHN FORBES NASH, JR. AND SCHIZOPHRENIA A powerful exploration of how genius and madness can become intertwined, the feature film, A Beautiful Mind, was inspired by the life of Nobel Prize winning mathematician and schizophrenic John Nash (PBS Online, 1999-2002). Nash, known as a mathematical genius and one of the most original minds of the 20th century, made his breakthrough as a twenty-year-old graduate student at Princeton University with a remarkable proof in the field of gameRead MoreEssay about Schizophrenia in A Beautiful Mind912 Words   |  4 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the film â€Å" A Beautiful Mind† John Nash experiences a few different positive symptoms. The first of these positive symptoms are seen through the hallucinations John has of having a room -mate while at Princeton. This room- mate continues to stay â€Å"in contact† with John through out his adult life and later this room- mate’s niece enters Johns mind as another coinciding hallucination. Nash’s other hallucination is Ed Harris, who plays a government agent that seeks outRead More Ethical Analysis of A Beautiful Mind Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Analysis of â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† â€Å"A Beautiful mind† is a story based on the life of John Forbes Nash, who is a famous mathematician. Unfortunately, he is suffering from paranoid schizophrenia that majorly affects his personal and social life. Schizophrenia is a psychological disorder in which the patient’s ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes (Hockenbury, 2010). John Nash, the main character, faces many challenges in his professional

Revelations Dance and Gospel Music Essay Example For Students

Revelations: Dance and Gospel Music Essay Introduction Alvin Alley was a choreographer who founded the Alvin Alley American Dance Theater in 1958. It was a hugely popular, multi-racial modern dance ensemble that popularized modern dance around the world thanks to extensive world tours. His most famous dance is Revelations, a celebratory study of religious spirit. Alley received the Kennedy Center Honors in 1988. Alleys philosophy to art is clear in his work he desired his performers to follow his meticulous choreography, but have each performer express that choreography in their own style. He use as a stimulus about the fact that the suffering and hardship faced by African Americans and feudalism and slavery. Revelations tells the story of African-American faith and tenacity from slavery to freedom through a suite of dances set to spirituals and blues music. Revelations is divided into three sections Pilgrims of Sorrow, Take Me to the Water and Move Members, Move. As an example, The opening section of Revelations. Alley described this section as songs that yearn for deliverance, that speak of trouble and of this orals trials and tribulations. The mood is reflected in unique gestures with heads bowed down and forward and heavy bodies reaching powerfully upward. The somber music and the lighting effects (by lighting designer Nicola Chronometric) and brown and skin toned costuming help with this. The second section features an enactment of a ceremonial baptism. A large group of dancers clad in white sweep onto the stage as baptismal agents?a tree branch to sweep the earth and a white cloth to cleanse the sky?lead a processional to the stream of purification. To the trains of Wade in the Water a devotional leader bearing a large umbrella baptizes a young couple at a river, represented by yards of billowing blue silk stretched across the stage. A raucous ceremony is followed by the meditative solo l Want Be Ready, which communicates a devout mans preparations for death. Lastly, In Move Members, Move, The final section celebrates the liberating power of 20th-century gospel music. This section includes the propulsive mens trio Sinner Man and the famous Yellow section, set in a southern Baptist rural church. Eighteen dancers in yellow costumes enact a church service with fans and stools. Stretched across the stage with torsos proudly lifted, the dancers embody the Joy of faith contained by complex stepping patterns performed in unison. VARIETY OF ELEMENTS (BODY) Firstly, the movements being shown within the video, are continuous arm swaying, spins, constructions and waving. However, these movements are manipulating the experience. As an example, A part of the dance piece, which is showing the trio of two omen and one male are showing their pain they have faced through sudden pulsing of the upper torso and contractions and releases and also the way theyve used their body to imitate water. Secondly, the use of fabric and the use of umbrella Revelations: Dance and Gospel Music By railways the water looked liked. Thirdly, for aural settings, gospel music have been provided in order to work well with the movements as it is ritual and the visual settings to relate with the religious music. The music have been chosen to symbolize the experience of African-Americans. As an example, In Ive Been Bucked!! nine dancers work in hushed accord, performing a ritual of communal introspection. Lastly, the use of costumes symbolize African-American, with the women wearing flow costumes as the guys only wear flow pants as it creates an effect for the choreography. These costumes have been used, to convey water, the movements and the gospel music. CONCLUSION The choreography communicate the African-American experience, by their use of events, the use of aural and visual settings and the costumes followed by the dancers. As an example, the gospel music tells the story of African-American faith and tenacity from slavery to freedom through a suite of dances set to spirituals. In my opinion, the choreography have been outstanding as it conveys the elements of movements, visual and aural settings and costumes and dancers because the somber music and the lighting effects and brown and skin toned costuming help with this.

Influence of Management Style on Employee Behavior

Introduction The influence of managerial style on employee behavior is manifested in a number of fashions including the leadership styles adopted by managers in the management of their employees. The behavior of employees significantly affects their conduct, attitudes and interactions with customers when in essence this behavior is largely dictated by the management style of top executives within the organization.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Influence of Management Style on Employee Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A number of leadership styles can be adopted in the running of organizations; a leadership style refers to the methodology and approach adopted by management in the provision of organizational direction, implementation of set targets and motivation of the human capital. Lewin, (1939) Autocracy In the running of day today matters within the organization, management may be autocratic or authoritarian, this management style has been misused by some managers (especially the general manager in the second resort) to mean ordering people around or bossing employees around and this has got absolutely no place in the contemporary leader’s repertoire. It may be likened to the phrase â€Å"I want you to†¦..† It finds application in instances when the management informs employees on what is to be done. Adler et al (2008) The most appropriate situation to use this style is perhaps when the employees have all the requisite information at their disposal on how they want a particular task executed and there is minimal time to execute this task. This approach should only be used in rare occasions because if management wants to influence and inculcate higher levels of commitment and motivation, then the democratic or participative style should be applied. The authoritarian style is the one applied by the general manager of the second resort visited by the resea rcher in Fiji. In this resort, he was found screaming instructions to the workers and the first impression was that the manager was overbearing on the employees and dictatorial. Instead of motivating the employees in his resort, he keeps complaining and whining about them calling them lazy and reprimanding them in public. He blames their culture for failing to inculcate desirable work values in them and blames everything around him including what he considers an odd and impossible system of owning land around the country. This also caused him to be at odds with the local chief. The effect of this leadership style is seen clearly when the researcher (a customer in the resort) leaves with less enthusiasm having sampled a paltry 23 bulas out of the possible 41.Advertising Looking for coursework on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Asked about his future plans, the manager is quick to discount any involvement of the locals in improving performance and instead recommends that he intends to bring in hired expatriates from Auckland in New Zealand to teach the locals on how best to be hospitable. His mentality of blaming the local culture is mistaken because in the previous resort visited by the researcher, employees were very pleasant to customers and highly motivated and this was as a result of their hospitable culture (the Fijian culture). Democracy The democratic approach by contrast is the one that involves both the leader and the employees in the decision making process. Hofstede (1977) It can be represented by the phrase â€Å"lets work together to solve this†¦..† this is what is being applied by the general manager in the first Fijian resort. In this resort, an impressive 39 bulas (greetings) were sampled out of the possible 41 and this indicated a labour force that is not only highly motivated but also one with high levels of job satisfaction, this pleasantness translates directly in the way employees treat their customers as was experienced by the researcher. The use of this management style does not show weaknesses but instead builds a strong rapport and understanding between the employees and their leader. Intelligent managers are able to understand that they do not have all solutions to the organization’s problems, they may have part of the solution but the employees (being competent and skillful) have the other solutions. In order to tap into their resourcefulness therefore, the manager in the first resort works in close collaboration with his employees and instead of being quick to introduce new ideas sees that the existing ideas are working well and therefore builds on them. In his own words, he has done absolutely nothing to change the employees natural hospitality rather he has taken advantage of the available local assets that he found in their traditional culture and village life. Reference List Adler, N., Gundersen A. (2008).Inter national dimensions of organizational behavior. Mason, OH:Thomson.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Influence of Management Style on Employee Behavior specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hofstede, G. (1977). Culture and Organizations: Software of the Mind, New York: McGraw-Hill. Lewin, K., LIippit, R. and White, R.K. (1939). â€Å"Patterns of aggressive behavior in experimentally created social climates.† Journal of Social Psychology, Vol.10, 271-301 This coursework on Influence of Management Style on Employee Behavior was written and submitted by user Mohammed Drake to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Intersectionality - Definition and Discussion

Intersectionality - Definition and Discussion Intersectionality refers to the simultaneous experience of categorical and hierarchical classifications including but not limited to race, class, gender, sexuality, and nationality. It also refers to the fact that what is often perceived as disparate forms of oppression, like racism, classism, sexism, and xenophobia, are actually mutually dependent and intersecting in nature, and together they compose a unified system of oppression. Thus, the privileges we enjoy and  the discrimination we face  are a product of our unique positioning in society as determined by these social classifiers. The Intersectional Approach Sociologist Patricia Hill Collins developed and explained the concept of intersectionality in her groundbreaking book, Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment, published in 1990. Today intersectionality is a mainstay concept of critical race studies, feminist studies, queer studies, the sociology of globalization, and a critical sociological approach, generally speaking. In addition to race, class, gender, sexuality, and nationality, many of todays sociologists also include categories like age, religion, culture, ethnicity, ability, body type, and even looks in their intersectional approach. Crenshaw on Race and Gender in the Legal System The term â€Å"intersectionality† was first popularized in 1989 by critical legal and race scholar  Kimberlà © Williams Crenshaw  in a paper titled, â€Å"Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrines, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics,† published in The University of Chicago Legal Forum. In this paper, Crenshaw reviewed  legal proceedings to illustrate how it is the intersection of race and gender that shapes how black men and women experience the legal system. She found, for example, that when cases brought by black women failed to match the circumstances of those brought by white women or by black men, that their claims were not taken seriously because they didnt fit perceived normative experiences of race or gender. Thus, Crenshaw concluded that black women were disproportionately marginalized due to the simultaneous, intersecting nature of how they are read by others as both raced and gender ed subjects. Collins and a â€Å"Matrix of Domination While Crenshaw’s discussion of intersectionality centered on what she has referred to as â€Å"the double bind of race and gender,† Patricia Hill Collins broadened the concept in her book Black Feminist Thought. Trained as a sociologist, Collins saw the importance of folding class and sexuality into this critical analytic tool, and later in her career, nationality too. Collins deserves credit for theorizing a much more robust understanding of intersectionality, and for explaining  how the intersecting forces of race, gender, class, sexuality, and nationality manifest in a â€Å"matrix of domination.† Privileges and Forms of Oppression The point of understanding intersectionality is to understand the variety of privileges and/or forms of oppression  that one may experience simultaneously at any given time.  For instance, when examining the social world through an intersectional lens, one can see that a wealthy, white, heterosexual man who is a citizen of the United States experiences the world from the apex of privilege. He is in the higher strata of economic class, he is at the top of the racial hierarchy of U.S. society, his gender places him in a position of power within a patriarchal society, his sexuality marks him as â€Å"normal,† and his nationality bestows upon him a wealth of privilege and power in global context. The Ideas and Assumptions Encoded in Race By contrast, consider the everyday experiences of a poor, undocumented Latina living in the U.S. Her skin color and phenotype mark her as â€Å"foreign† and â€Å"other† compared with the perceived normality of whiteness. The ideas and assumptions encoded in her race suggest to many that she is not deserving of the same rights and resources as others who live in the U.S. Some may even assume that she is on welfare, manipulating the health care system, and is, overall, a burden to society. Her gender, especially in combination with her race, marks her as submissive and vulnerable, and as a target to those who may wish to exploit her labor and pay her criminally low wages, whether in a factory, on a farm, or for household labor. Her sexuality too and that of the men who may be in positions of power over her is an axis of power and oppression, as it can be used to coerce her through the threat of sexual violence. Further, her nationality, say, Guatemalan, and her undocumen ted status as an immigrant in the U.S., also functions as an axis of power and oppression, which might prevent her from seeking health care when needed, from speaking out against oppressive and dangerous work conditions, or from reporting crimes committed against her due to fear of deportation. The Analytic Lens of Intersectionality The analytic lens of  intersectionality  is valuable here because it allows us to consider a variety of social forces simultaneously, whereas a class-conflict analysis, or a gender or racial analysis, would limit our ability to see and understand the way privilege, power, and oppression operate in interlocking ways. However, intersectionality is not just useful for understanding how different forms of privilege and oppression exist simultaneously in shaping our experiences in the social world. Importantly, it also helps us to see that what is perceived as disparate forces are actually mutually dependent and co-constitutive. The forms of power and oppression present in the life of the undocumented Latina described above are particular not just to her race, gender, or citizenship status, but are reliant on common stereotypes of Latinas in particular, because of how their gender is understood in the context of their race, as submissive and compliant. Because of its power as an analytic tool, intersectionality is one of the most important and widely used concepts in sociology today.

Is Free Trade is good for the economy (of both trading nations) Essay

Is Free Trade is good for the economy (of both trading nations) - Essay Example If it is cotton, then Country A can concentrate of producing it and allow Country B to produce corn. This is not to say that the countries will not produce the other commodity, corn for Country A and cotton for Country B, but this applies to trading. The two countries can thus effectively trade with each other and reap maximum benefits. The beauty of comparative advantage is that everyone has a comparative advantage at producing something. Comparative advantage is useful in explaining why a country, on comparison with its trading partners, might produce and export something its citizens don’t seem very skilled at producing.2 Comparative advantage explains this scenario by advancing that citizens of the country importing must be better at producing another commodity thus enabling them to pay the exporting country for the work they have done.3 Modern international trade involves goods and services that could be produced anywhere in the world, and so buyers have the option of buying products that are either domestically produced or imported.4 In Adam Smith’s theory of absolute advantage, however, nations will export goods they are capable of producing at lower costs than the country which is importing them. It has been of concern that an economy with comparative advantage in making various commodities is likely to cause unemployment in other countries. China has grown tremendously in the recent past to become a force to reckon with in the manufacturing sector. The Chinese manufacturers have the benefit of affordable labor so most of the products they manufacture are cheaper than those manufactured in other parts of the world.5 Countries such as America have found themselves worried about doing business with China due to their competitive prices. However, there is no need for worry since every economy can identify a sector where they are best at. In so doing, an economy

Assess and arguments for the law of karma, and discuss whether the law Essay

Assess and arguments for the law of karma, and discuss whether the law implies or refutes the ex - Essay Example Sankhya believe that the material of creation is made of earth and stone and could possibly not be created by ‘Isvara’ whose own characteristics are not consistent with the same material (Radhakrishnan 43 b). The Sankhya doctrine holds that it is not possible to prove the existence of God and therefore he cannot be said to exist (Larson 83). I would opine that the doctrine contention aligns with the view that a benevolent God would have no motive of creating a world of mixed happiness and sorrows. The Purusa takes an important place in the understanding of the Sankhya doctrine. The Sankhya offers that the Purusa is not caused (Collins 106). The Purusa is usually likened to consciousness. In most doctrines, consciousness is usually attached to the idea of the existence of a Supreme being. The Sankhya position that the Purusa is not caused directly contradicts the idea of the existence of a creator God. However, problems arise within the doctrine with the supposition that Purusa does not have any qualities. In my opinion, this view would imply that all beings are same. Such a thesis would refute the possibility of the existence of different fates for different actions as understood within the overall framework of the Karma. The position adds weight to some of the problems and contradictions that have been identified within the Sankhya doctrine with regard to the nature and qualities of the Purusa. The character of the ‘Isvara’ according to the doctrine developed by the Sankhya is that he is not attached to the universe (Radhakrishnan 40 b). According to the Mimamsa doctrine, the ‘Isvara’ does not provide the fruits of actions, which essentially distinguishes them from other doctrines that assign roles of reward and punishment to the deity (Radhakrishnan 22 b). Instead, the rewards or consequences of actions are purely depended on the actions of individuals. Good actions beget positive consequences, while bad actions bring ab out negative consequences. The Mimamsa doctrine does not mention whether or not the ‘Isvara’ created the universe (Radhakrishnan 19 b). In my view, I would conclude that the positions adopted by both doctrines acknowledge the fact of divine being but do not agree on his nature or tasks. In general terms, the Sankhya philosophy is governed by the concept of dualism. The philosophy challenges the view of the God as central idea that controls the cause and destiny of humanity. The destiny of man, according to Mimamsa is dependent on the actions and will of man in accordance with the Verdas (Radhakrishnan 74 a). In this sense, God is only a benevolent power that grants to human beings their due share in accordance with their character on earth. It is therefore important to consider the fact that the actions of man are integral in the destiny of the universe. The cultivation of ‘Dama’ or self-control as a way of pursuing a virtuous and upright life (Radhakrishna n 13 b). Samkhya adopts the position that the harmony in the world is born out of the paradoxical dualities as argued by Sage Kapila. Samkhya philosophy is founded on the idea of harmony numerals. According to the terms of this philosophy the collection of elements and characteristics of things in the universe work to maintain some sense of balance between the systems. The underlying meaning in the Samkhya philosoph

Education Systems Comparison: Australia and Mongolia

Education Systems Comparison: Australia and Mongolia COMPARISON BETWEEN MONGOLIAN AND AUSTRALIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM I would like to introduce comparison between Mongolian and Australian Education system in several areas such as general statement, access, quality and efficiency. First of all I would like to introduce general statement for both countries. Education in both countries follows preschool, primary and secondary education and technical education and vocational training and tertiary education. Both countries preschool education is non compulsory. Mongolian preschool education is offered to children agedÂÂ  2 to 5 in kindergarten, but Australian preschool education offered children aged 3 to 5. Mongolian preschool education is an instructional institution and by the Mongolian Preschool education law kindergartens shall provide preschool education to children of preschool age and ensure their school preparedness. Australian early childhood education has many types of preschool education such as kindergarten, child care center, Montessori center and act. Also, there are many similarities on primary and secondary education in two countries which means 12 year schooling system. The official enrolment age is 6 year old children in two countries. In addition, the Mongolian Government initiated transforming primary and secondary schools into a 12 year system in 2008. This transition will be complete by 2016. In Mongolia, that 6 years of primary, 3 years of lower secondary and 3 years of upper secondary schooling. In Australia that 7 years of primary and 5 years of secondary. In Australia, in the some states territories, primary schools often include a pre-school. In Mongolia, technical education and vocational training (1-2.5 years) sub-sector comprises specialized upper secondary schools as well as post-secondary diploma programs housed in higher education institutions. Therefore, in Australia, each state has a Vocational Education and Training or Technical and Further Education system. It is prepares people for work in a career that does not need a university degree. In Mongolia, higher education is awarded by colleges, institutes and universities. At the higher education level, bachelor programs usually last four to five years and six years for medical programs. Masters programs usually require one to two years and doctorate programs require three to four years to complete. Likewise, Australian higher education (6+) awards are classified as follows certificate, diploma and associate degrees, which take one to two years to complete, some aspects of higher education are the responsibility of States and Territories. In particular, most universities are recognized under the State and Territory legislation. Secondly, I would like to compare access of education in both countries. In Mongolia, 76.3 percent preschool age children attended in preschool education services. In 2009/2010 academic year, there are 785,8 thousand students enrolled in institutions of formal education. There were 102, 6 thousand children in 814 kindergartens. In 2009, 58.6 percent of pre-school children who are 2-5 year olds enrolled at institutionalized education programs and 17.4 percent of total pre-school children enrolled in alternative forms of educational services. In Australia 97.5 per cent of children attended for early childhood education the year before school. The year before a child is due to attend primary school is the main year for pre-school education. This year is far more commonly attended, and may take the form of a few hours of activity during weekdays. Preschool is in some states and territories relatively unregulated. In Mongolia, in 2009/2010 academic year, 557,3 thousand pupils in 710 primary and secondary schools. The primary and secondary education net enrollment rate was 91.5 percent. An addition, girls enrollment in primary and secondary cycle is greater than boys. In Australia, primary and secondary education is compulsory between the ages of 6 to 17, depending on the state or territory. The primary and secondary education net enrollment rate was 99.3 percent. In recent years, over three quarters of students stay at school until they are seventeen. Government schools educate about two thirds of Australian students, with the other third in Catholic and Independent schools. A small portion of students are legally home-schooled. Higher Education in Mongolia has universities and colleges. There are 146 universities, which is 42 are public, 99 are private and 5 are international. During the last 5 years number of students enrolled in higher education institutions increased by 70,1 per cent. The proportion of female students is 61.8% of total higher education enrolment. That data indicate an unusual reverse gender gap in higher education. This is particularly noticeable at the higher levels of education where typically female greatly outnumber male students. Last 5 years enrolments in occupational programs such as foreign languages, law, computer science, engineering, medicine, and tourism was more than double. Tertiary education in Australia provider is university self-accrediting provider, non self-accrediting provider. In 2009, the Australian higher education system consisted of 41 universities, of which 37 are public institutions, 2 are private, and 2 are Australian branches of overseas universities; 2 other self-accrediting higher education institutions; and non-self-accrediting higher education providers accredited by State and Territory authorities, numbering more than 150 as listed on State and Territory registers. These include several that are registered in more than one state and territory. Thirdly, in short, I want to compare and contrast quality of education both countries. The most important aspect for quality education is the learning achievement. According to the Program for International Student Assessment for 2006 ranks the Australian education system as 6th on a worldwide scale for Reading, 8th for Science and 13th for Mathematics. The Education Index, published with the UNs Human Development Index in 2008, based on data from 2006, lists Australia as 0.993, amongst the highest in the world, however Mongolia lists as 71, the medium level. In addition, many universities in Australia have gained international recognition. Two of the most acknowledged are the Academic Ranking of World Universities, produced by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, and the THES QS World University Rankings, which in 2006, had no fewer than 13 universities amongst the worlds top 200. That is why many foreign students wants to study in Australia at schools and universities. Quality in education is not good in Mongolia. Particularly, urban-rural gap in education quality still exist. According to some recent research, children attending rural schools perform significantly worse than children attending schools in aimag centers and Ulaanbaatar. Rural schools have limited access to resources needed to support higher learning achievements. Another main issue of qualitative aspects in education is teacher and children ratio. In Mongolia teacher and children ratio in the preschool is 25:2 and 30:1 is for secondary school.2 But 18:3 is for preschool and secondary is about 20:1 in Australia.5 It depends states and territories. Teachers are key players in implementing of the education sector, especially in classroom and teaching and learning quality, which is highly dependable on their professional capacity and supply. Two countries teacher qualification and professional knowledge and skills are similar, but teaching method is different. As I mentioned the last another issue of qualitative aspects in education is curriculum. The Mongolian Government approved a new set of competence based education curriculum/standards for pre school, primary and secondary education emphasizing the quality of education. These new curriculum is being introduced in the school year of 2005/2006. On the other hand, national curriculum /standard has renewed to be promoting a human development as develop pupils competence in terms of communication skills, self-confident, a critical thinking and problem solving abilities etc. In Australia there is a mandatory curriculum in addition to elective subjects. For the students are required to take state-wide external tests in English-literacy, mathematics, science, Australian history, geography, civics and citizenship and computing skills in. Finally, I want to write a few words about educational efficiency. The Mongolian Law on Education stipulates that at least 20 percent of the government budget is allocated to education. Government expenditure on education as a percent of GDP is 9 and a percent of GNP is 19.09 in 2004. Education expenditure has significantly increased over the last few years. Educations share of public expenditure has also remained consistently high, averaging 18.6 percent over the 2008-2010 period, although it has not quite reached more than 20 percent share as required by the Education Law, (revised in 2006). But the national education budget has increased by 2.5 times in 2004 as compared to 1996. The education sector is financed principally from two sources: the Central budget (81.7 percent in 2008) and the local budget (9.3 percent) with revenue raised at province and city levels. Other sources of revenue include tuition fees (4.1 percent), donations from individuals and organisations (1.6percent), project funds (0.1 percent) and others (2.7percent). In Mongolia, school and kindergarten financing is operated based on per child normative variable expenses with adjusting indexes. Indexes used to adjust the different situations in terms of population density, distance as remoteness of school location so on. However, some of remote and rural schools are still facing problems related with financial shortages due to not enough children attending in their kindergarten and school. Since 1997, state financing only fixed costs such as heating, electricity and water in higher education institutions. Student tuition fees constitute the major income source for universities, institutes and colleges. It makes up 80% of higher education income. In conclusion, it can be clearly seen that Australian and Mongolian education system are a few similarities some area such as general statements and accesses. However, the quality in education two countries is very different. Quality in education in Australia is the highest in the world, although in Mongolia, such as many indicators of the education quality and efficiency are not good enough and we have to change trends also, remind that there is need for policy and operational strategy reforms. Therefore, Mongolian education sector is undergoing new stage development reform. It has encountered new challenges created by poverty and social deprivation. The following issues are considerable in future development of education sector in Mongolia. Generally, Australian education system has a good policy, management, and sustainable development for every part of the education sub sectors. Finally, I believe that to improve relationship and to expand cooperation between Australian and Mongo lian education sector.